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To try everything Brilliant has to offer—free—for a full 30 days, visit http://brilliant.org/MinutePhysics The first 200 people get 20% off a premium subscription! I was sent a magnetic guitar pick to review, so I reviewed it. Does it work? How? Why? What s the physics of electric guitar strings and pickups? Are magnets useful? Do they affect the strings? The pickups? Thanks to Pete B. for loaning me the guitar. Here are links to the youtube channel for the people who make the magnetic pick: https://www.youtube.com/@xpick And the videos critiquing it Samurai Guitarist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXTHRh1bQsg Forlorn Hope: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E8rrt5gE8Q Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Featuring 3Blue1Brown Watch the 2nd video on 3Blue1Brown here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzRCDLre1b4 Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ This video is about Bell s Theorem, one of the most fascinating results in 20th century physics. Even though Albert Einstein (together with collaborators in the EPR Paradox paper) wanted to show that quantum mechanics must be incomplete because it was nonlocal (he didn t like "spooky action at a distance"), John Bell managed to prove that any local real hidden variable theory would have to satisfy certain simple statistical properties that quantum mechanical experiments (and the theory that describes them) violate. Since then, GHZ and others have managed to extend the theoretical work, and Alain Aspect performed the first Bell test experiment in the late 1980s. Thanks to Vince Rubinetti for the music: https://soundcloud.com/vincerubinetti/one-two-zeta And thanks to Evan Miyazono, Aatish Bhatia, and Jasper Palfree for discussions and camaraderie during some of the inception of this video. REFERENCES: John Bell s Original Paper: http://inspirehep.net/record/31657/files/vol1p195-200_001.pdf Quantum Theory and Reality: https://www.scientificamerican.com/media/pdf/197911_0158.pdf "What Bell Did" By Tim Maudlin: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.1826 Bell s Theorem on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem 2015 experimental confirmation that QM violates Bell s theorem: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.05949.pdf https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402 Bell s Theorem without Inequalities (GHZ): http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.16243 Kochen-Specker Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochen–Specker_theorem MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Thanks to Skillshare for supporting this video: http://skl.sh/MinutePhysics for 2 free months! This video is about a multistable perceptual illusion, similar to the hollow face illusion, whereby maps or aerial or satellite photos look upside down/inside out, ie, concave (valley) parts look convex and convex (mountainous) parts look concave. Just flip the images around and things will make a lot more sense! It s just because our eyes gauge depth based on the location of shadows, and the sun always casts shadows on the bottoms of things. Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 REFERENCES Twitter posts: https://twitter.com/Astro2fish/status/859799730565414912 https://twitter.com/BadAstronomer/status/859800278358528001 Bad Astronomy Blog post: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/05/19/a-lunar-illusion-youll-flip-over/ Multistable perception http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multistable_perception Top-left Lighting http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-left_lighting Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Thanks to http://www.brilliant.org/minutephysics for supporting this video! Thanks to my friend Mark Rober (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY1kMZp36IQSyNx_9h4mpCg) for making the spacetime globe, and to Grant Sanderson (https://www.youtube.com/3blue1brown) for inspiration. Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ This is the first in a series of videos about special relativity. This is definitely not an academic course, but it s going to be a more in depth and developed exploration of a single topic than a typical standalone MinutePhysics video. I ve been greatly inspired (and heckled) to do this by my friend Grant Sanderson of 3blue1brown who s set the standard for this kind of thing with his excellent series - serieses? - on calculus and linear algebra. So, special relativity. Special relativity is one of the most popularly famous ideas in physics – it s that thing that Einstein figured out about the speed of light and space and time and E=mc^2! It changed our understanding of the universe. And its core ideas are accessible in principle to anyone who understands some basic algebra and geometry - you don t even need to know calculus! And yet in spite of this, special relativity is one of the subjects in physics that confuses the most people, and in many cases turns them away from physics altogether. MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Go to http://brilliant.org/MinutePhysics for 20% off a premium subscription to Brilliant! Mark Rober s youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/markrober The previous videos in this series: Chapter 1: Why Relativity is Hard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rLWVZVWfdY& Chapter 2: Spacetime Diagrams https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTxWAQGgeQw Chapter 3: Lorentz Transformations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rh0pYtQG5wI This video is chapter 4 in my series on special relativity, and it covers how things that appear simultaneous from one perspective in our universe aren t simultaneous from other moving perspectives - that is, from inertial reference frames moving at different speeds. This is explained via the Lorentz transformation of coordinates of the events in question, enacted with a mechanical minkowski diagram, aka mechanical Lorentz transformation, aka spacetime globe. Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

This video is about how life arose and what its main function or purpose in the universe seems to be. Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minutephysics for supporting this video, and to Sean Carroll for collaborating on it! Playlist of the full video series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoaVOjvkzQtyZF-2VpJrxPz7bxK_p1Dd2 Link to Patreon supporters here: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters.html This video is about how life arose and what its main function or purpose in the universe seems to be. Throughout the universe there is a driving tendency for entropy to increase and free energy to be used up; however, sometimes there is some sort of barrier holding back further potential increase in entropy - these entropically favored but not directly possible reactions (like hydrogen nuclei fusing to become helium, or carbon dioxide reacting with hydrogen to form methane and water), *can* be achieved by larger systems, often complex or complicated, that allow multi-step reaction chains that ultimately lead to the entropically favored state. These systems, (stars, whose nuclei foster conditions amenable to fusion of hydrogen into helium, and life, which fosters conditions amenable to hydrogenating carbon dioxide) are naturally entropically favored, once they arise. And thus the purpose of both life, and stars, can be seen, in the context of the universe, as being a catalyst system that helps facilitate increases in entropy that are not otherwise possible. Music for the series was especially composed by Nathaniel Schroeder, http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL INFORMATION How Life Arose (Hydrogenating CO2 quote): https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/how-life-arose-on-earth-and-how-a-singularity-might-bring-it-down/ Sean’s blog on this topic: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2010/03/10/free-energy-and-the-meaning-of-life/ Michael Russell article: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/302/5645/580.summary The molecular formula for Fructose: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose Adenosine Triphosphate (aka ATP): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate Hydrogen Fusion Reaction Chain: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fusion.html Richard Pogge (Ohio State University) on Stellar evolution: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit2/lowmass.html Stellar evolution lecture notes: http://astro.physics.uiowa.edu/~kaaret/s09/L14_starsevolve.pdf Stellar evolution wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution Sean s blog: http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2016/05/11/big-picture-part-four-complexity/ Sean Carroll: The Big Picture (more great articles about entropy, etc on his blog http://preposterousuniverse.com) MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And twitter - @minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

The first 200 people to use http://skl.sh/minutephysics30 get 30% off a premium Skillshare subscription. Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ This video is about the international system of units (SI), the international prototype kilogram (the IPK or "le grande k"), and specifically, why we need to redefine our base units in terms of fundamental constants - aka, concepts & ideas - rather than physical objects. The second is already defined in terms of a certain number of oscillations of a photon of the ground state hyperfine splitting energy of Cesium, the meter is then defined as how far light travels in a particular fraction of a second, and hopefully soon, the kilogram will be defined either using the Avogadro approach of counting silicon atoms in a sphere, or using the Watt (Kibble) Balance approach of measuring Planck s constant, h, as used in the formula E=hf for the energy of a photon, which relates to mass via Einstein s famous E=mc^2. REFERENCES: Most Recent Kilogram/Planck Constant Measurement: https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2017/06/new-measurement-will-help-redefine-international-unit-mass International Bureau of Weights and Measures page: http://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/base-units.html Future Definitions of SI Base Units: http://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/rev-si/ Resolution to redefine Kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole based on fundamental constants: http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/25/1/ Hyperfine levels of an atom (Cesium, in this case): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_level#Hyperfine_structure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfine_structure Cesium: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium#Atomic_clocks Atomic Clocks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clock MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Thanks to https://brilliant.org/minutephysics for sponsoring this video! This video is about Simpson s paradox, a statistical paradox and ecological fallacy where seemingly contradictory results are implied by a single set of data depending on how it s grouped. The paradox can arise in medical studies, student test scores, and so on. Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ REFERENCES: Interactive Simpson’s Paradox Explainer: http://vudlab.com/simpsons/ Wisconsin vs Texas schools: http://educationnext.org/are-wisconsin-schools-better-than-those-in-texas/ Detailed analysis of Wisconsin vs Texas schools: http://iowahawk.typepad.com/iowahawk/2011/03/longhorns-17-badgers-1.html National US Standardized Test Data: https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/report.aspx?p=2-SCI-3-20153,20113,20093-SRPUV-SDRACE-NP,AL,AK,AZ,AR,CA,CO,CT,DE,DC,FL,GA,HI,ID,IL,IN,IA,KS,KY,LA,ME,MD,MA,MI,MN,MS,MO,MT,NE,NV,NH,NJ,NM,NY,NC,ND,OH,OK,OR,PA,RI,SC,SD,TN,TX,UT,VT,VA,WA,WV,WI,WY,DS-MN_MN-Y_J-0-0-5 MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Thanks to https://brilliant.org/minutephysics/ for sponsoring this video! Check out their black hole course at https://brilliant.org/minutephysicsblackhole Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ This video is about the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole, (its "event horizon"), and how much mass and density is required to reach the point of no return where an object like a star, neutron star, red giant, etc will collapse into a black hole singularity. You can calculate it yourself using just the volume equation for a sphere, and the equation for the Schwarzschild radius (and knowing the speed of light and Newton s gravitational constant). REFERENCES Lecture notes on black holes: http://eagle.phys.utk.edu/guidry/astro616/lectures/lecture_ch18.pdf Mass of cat: https://www.google.com/search?q=mass+of+cat&oq=mass+of+cat Schwarzschild radius: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius LIGO Neutron Star Binary Merger: http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/10/ligo-detects-a-neutron-star-merger Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_limit Neutron Star Equation of State & Density: http://chimera.roma1.infn.it/OMAR/dottorato/papers/annurev-nucl-102711-095018.pdf Neutron Star Radius: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.928.903&rep=rep1&type=pdf MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minutephysics for supporting this video, which is about how the way we describe the world can influence the way we perceive it. In particular, with regards to Bohmian mechanics, Schrodinger wave functions, Feynman path integrals, and Galilean moons attached to Jupiter by springs. Thanks to everyone who supports MinutePhysics on Patreon! Link to Patreon supporters here: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters.html REFERENCES: Scans of Galileo’s notes: http://www.dioi.org/galileo/scans.pdf Scans of Galileo’s publication: http://www.chlt.org/sandbox/lhl/GalileoSkel1610/page.41.a.php?size=240x320 Comparison of Galileo’s observations with modern models: http://www.etwright.org/astro/sidnunj.html Latin version of Galileo’s publication on wikimedia: https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Sidereus\_nuncius Galilean moons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean\_moons Jupiter viewed from its north and south poles: http://www.damianpeach.com/barbados07/jupiter/juppol2007\_05\_25-27dp.jpg Centrifugal & Coriolis Forces: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal\_force Coriolis Force: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis\_force Fictitious Forces in rotating reference frames: http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath633/kmath633.htm Dilithium molecule: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilithium MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And twitter - @minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

Support MinutePhysics on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Three Blue One Brown: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw Why you can’t clone Schrödinger’s cat: this video presents the full proof of the “No Cloning” Theorem in Quantum Mechanics – without any fancy math! (stereotypical qubit has been replaced with Schrödinger’s cat). The full proof relies on the linearity of quantum (aka unitary) transformations, and the tensor product of multiple systems, to show that perfect cloning is impossible (though teleportation is allowed) Thanks to everyone who supports MinutePhysics on Patreon! Link to Patreon supporters here: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters.html REFERENCES: The No-Cloning Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-cloning_theorem MinutePhysics on Schrödinger’s Cat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOYyCHGWJq4 Original No-Cloning Paper by Wootters and Zurech: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v299/n5886/abs/299802a0.html Original “Beyond No-Cloning” (ie, no-cloning workarounds) paper by Buzek & Hillery: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9607018 Optimal Quantum Cloning paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9801009 Optimal Quantum Cloning paper II: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9910048 Quantum Cloning: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum\_cloning The History of Schrödinger’s (& Einstein’s) Cat: http://nautil.us/issue/41/selection/how-einstein-and-schrdinger-conspired-to-kill-a-cat The Stability of Black Powder (from the Civil War!): http://www.jpyro.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Kos-806-806.pdf Proof by contradiction: http://www.personal.kent.edu/\~rmuhamma/Philosophy/Logic/ProofTheory/proof\_by\_contradictionExamples.htm MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And twitter - @minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

Support me on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Previous video on No Cloning: https://youtu.be/owPC60Ue0BE How to teleport Schrödinger’s cat: this video presents the full quantum teleportation procedure, in which an arbitrary qubit (spin, etc) is teleported from Alice to Bob by way of a pair of particles entangled in a bell (EPR) state and the transmission of information via a classical channel. Thanks to everyone who supports MinutePhysics on Patreon! Link to Patreon supporters here: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters.html REFERENCES: No Cloning video: https://youtu.be/owPC60Ue0BE The No-Cloning Theorem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-cloning_theorem MinutePhysics on Schrödinger’s Cat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOYyCHGWJq4 The History of Schrödinger’s (& Einstein’s) Cat: http://nautil.us/issue/41/selection/how-einstein-and-schrdinger-conspired-to-kill-a-cat Original Quantum Teleportation Paper: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.46.9405 Wikipedia on Quantum Teleportation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation Calcium ion teleportation: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v429/n6993/abs/nature02570.html Teleporting a 2-qubit state: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0407219v3 Multi-level teleportation: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0106018v2 Scott Aaronson blog post on Teleportation (& Free Will, etc): http://www.scottaaronson.com/democritus/lec18.html Classical Teleportation: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0107082 Blog post on quantum vs classical teleportation: https://marozols.wordpress.com/2012/05/23/three-myths-about-quantum-computing-part-3/ MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And twitter - @minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

Hi! My name is Henry, I make MinutePhysics, and you can support me on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Is it better to walk or run when it s cold out? If you run, then you have to deal with wind, wind chill, etc, but your body generates more heat. If you stay still, standing or walking slowly, you don t generate as much heat, but don t deal with the wind. Note: the simple calculations in this video don t very well take into account the baseline metabolic rate/heat generation, even at rest, of humans. REFERENCES Physics of Running Presentation: http://uw.physics.wisc.edu/\~reardon/Physics%20of%20Running.pdf Original Wind Chill Index formula: https://www.amazon.com/Factors-Design-Handbook-Wesley-Woodson/dp/0070717680 “The Basis of Wind Chill” paper: http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic48-4-372.pdf Body surface area calculator: http://www.calculator.net/body-surface-area-calculator.html Newton’s Law of Cooling: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s\_law\_of\_cooling Boundary Layer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary\_layer MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And twitter - @minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Watch the MinuteEarth video here – I PROMISE it s really really really good: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAI1N96t8Vk MinutePhysics & MinuteEarth are on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics and http://www.patreon.com/minuteearth This video is about the differences between the corpses or final degenerate dense star forms that dead stars take: black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs. The main distinguishing features between them are the mass cutoffs (Chandrasekhar limit and Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit), the matter that makes them up (electrons, protons, neutrons, singularity?), and what holds them up against gravity – not thermal pressure from nuclear fusion like in a star like the sun, but electron or neutron degeneracy pressure (fermi pressure/pauli exclusion principle), and the strong nuclear force, and... nothing (in the case of a black hole). REFERENCES: Chandrasekhar Limit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff_limit Richard Pogge (Ohio State) on Neutron & White Dwarf Stars: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit3/extreme.html Richard Pogge on Star Formation: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit2/starform.html Richard Pogge on Black Holes Differences between galaxies and galaxy clusters: https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20026-when-is-a-group-of-stars-not-a-galaxy/ Introductory/review Paper on Neutron Stars: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.5735.pdf White dwarf stars on hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/whdwar.html Brown Dwarf: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Footnote to the main video here: https://youtu.be/HUti6vGctQM Feedback loops and spurious correlations! REFERENCES: Spurious correlations: http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations Loopy by Nicky Case: http://ncase.me/loopy/ CERN/CMS paper on di-photon excess: https://cds.cern.ch/record/2139899 Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Have fun improving your math & physics skills! Head to https://brilliant.org/minutephysics/ Footnote video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMbcMMe0D_Y This video is about how causal models (which use causal networks) allow us to infer causation from correlation, proving the common refrain not entirely accurate: statistics CAN be used to prove causality! Including: Reichenbach s principle, common causes, feedback, entanglement, EPR paradox, and so on. REFERENCES: Causal Discovery Algorithm in Quantum Mechanics Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.4119.pdf Causal Models overview (Quantum and Classical): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.09487.pdf Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Join the AI conversation: http://AgeofAI.org This video was based on Max’s book "Life 3.0”, which you can find at: http://amzn.to/2iEwe6w Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ We live in an era of self driving cars, autonomous drones, deep learning algorithms, computers that beat humans at chess and go, and so on. So it’s natural to ask, will artificial superintelligence replace humans, take our jobs, and destroy human civilization? Or will AI just become tools like regular computers. AI researcher Max Tegmark helps explain the myths and facts about superintelligence, the impending machine takeover, etc. MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich

Find more about investing in Rayton solar on http://startengine.com/startup/rayton-solar And on http://www.RaytonSolar.com Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ This video is about using particle accelerators as part of the solar panel silicon wafer manufacturing process. The accelerators embed protons into the wafer crystals, allowing them to break and separate from the main crystal in much thinner wafers with no waste silicon. Thus, monocrystalline silicon can be used, which is more efficient. MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics And Google+ (does anyone use this any more?) - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich