This is the world’s largest earthquake simulator, here’s how it works. For a free trial to Shopify go to https://www.shopify.com/veritasium. If you’re looking for a molecular modeling...

How an SAT question became a mathematical paradox. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription....

Sewing machines are mechanical marvels – here’s how they work. Get your first month of KiwiCo FREE at https://www.kiwico.com/veritasium ▀▀▀ A huge thanks to Prof. Andy Ruina for suggestin...

How to lead a happier and longer life. Check out our sponsor: https://betterhelp.com/veritasium to get matched with a professional therapist who will listen and help. ▀▀▀ A huge thanks...

We visited the US Navy to test the best night vision goggles in the world. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an...

There is an entire branch of math simply devoted to knots – and it has changed the world. We’ll rope you in. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and...

Discover strange new universes that turn up at the core of Einstein’s General Relativity. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people...

Will we see a new generation of airships roaming our skies? Head to https://www.odoo.com/r/veritasium to start building your own website for free. If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV ▀▀▀ Thank you to Eli Dourado for letting us explore the argument he describes in his article: https://ve42.co/Dourado A huge thank you to Dan Grossman and Nick Allman for their time, help, and expertise. Also a massive thank you to those who helped us understand the world of modern airships, and provided valuable feedback - Prof. Barry Prentice, Gennadiy Verba, Prof. Christoph Pflaum, Heather Roszczyk, Dr. Casey Handmer, Richard Van Trueren, & Thibault Proux. We are also grateful for the collaboration of the companies who are working hard to make this comeback happen - Atlas LTA, Buoyant Aircraft Systems International, Hybrid Air Vehicles, LTA Research, & Flying Whales. ▀▀▀ References: How Airships Could Overcome a Century of Failure, Bloomberg Originals via YouTube - https://ve42.co/AirshipsCoF Why the Airship May Be the Future of Air Travel, Undecided with Matt Ferrell via YouTube - https://ve42.co/FutureAirships Airship, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/AirshipWiki Handmer, C. (2020). A quick note on airships. Casey Handmer’s Blog - https://ve42.co/Handmer2020 UNCTAD (2020). Review of Maritime Transport 2020 - https://ve42.co/RMT2020 National Transportation Research Center (2023). Freight Analysis Framework Version 5 (FAF5) - https://ve42.co/FAF5 Hybrid Air Vehicles (2023). HAV - https://ve42.co/HAV LTA Research (2023). Lighter Than Air (LTA) Research - https://ve42.co/LTAResearch OceanSkyCruises (2023). North Pole Expedition - OceanSkyCruises - https://ve42.co/NPExpedition Flying Whales (2023). Flying Whales - https://ve42.co/FlyingWhales Buoyant Aircraft Systems International (2023). BASI - https://ve42.co/BASI Atlas LTA (2023). Atlas Electric Airships | Atlas LTA Airships - https://ve42.co/AtlasLTA Prentice, B. (2021). Hydrogen gas-fuelled airships could spur development in remote communities. The Conversation - https://ve42.co/HydrogenAirships Grossman, D. (2009). The Hindenburg Disaster. Airships - https://ve42.co/Hindenburg1 Hindenburg Disaster, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/HindenburgWiki What happened to the Hindenburg?, Jared Owen via Youtube - https://ve42.co/Owen2019 National Museum of the U.S. Navy. USS Akron (ZRS-4) - https://ve42.co/USSAkron USS Akron, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/USSAkronWiki ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Benedikt Heinen, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, MaxPal, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures ▀▀▀ Written by Casper Mebius & Derek Muller Directed by Casper Mebius Edited by Jack Saxon Filmed by Derek Muller, Jamie MacLeod, Han Evans, & Raquel Nuno Animation by Mike Radjabov & Fabio Albertelli Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5, & Envato Elements Music from Epidemic Sound & Pond5 Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, & Han Evans More footage & photos from: Thermite Rail Welding video by dulevoz via YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNjosF789X4 O’Rourke, T. (2016). Chronicle Covers: When the Hindenburg burst into flames. San Francisco Chronicle - https://ve42.co/Hindenburg2 Wind turbine blade transport video by DOLL Fahrzeugbau via YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aPXuap0LZw Wind turbine blade transport through mountains video by CGTN via Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dtUrY8_1CM Former Airship Hangar by Stefan Kühn - https://ve42.co/Aerium

When a grape is cut nearly in half and placed in a microwave, plasma is produced. Please use caution if attempting this experiment: don t leave the microwave on for too long, make sure the...

Check out the original double slit experiment: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6hY6zsd0 - oh, and for the sun to be seen as single photons, you would have to be ~1000 light years away, so...

A recent survey of scientific literacy in Australia found 30% believe it takes one day for the Earth to go around the sun. This video provides qualitative evidence for the finding from Sydney s Eastern beaches.

There are a few persistent misconceptions about what causes the seasons. Most believe it is the distance between the Earth and sun which varies to give us seasonal temperature variations. However it is actually the directness of the sun s rays leading to more intense sunshine in summer and less in winter.

People have a lot of different ideas about what gravity is: a downward force that stops you from flying off into space, an attraction smaller objects experience towards larger objects, or a mutual attraction between all masses. It is the last of these ideas that best reflects a scientific conception of gravity.

There is a gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and the moon, but is it mutual? That is, are the forces on the Earth and the moon equal? Most people would say no, the Earth exerts a greater force of attraction because it is larger and has more mass. This is a situation in which Newton s Third Law is relevant. Newton s Third Law says that for every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. So the force the Earth exerts on the moon must be exactly equal and opposite the force the moon exerts on the Earth. But how can that be - that the same size force keeps the moon orbiting, but barely affects the Earth? The answer is inertia - the tendency for all objects with mass to maintain their state of motion. Since the Earth has much more mass than the moon, it has greater inertia and therefore experiences much less acceleration for the same amount of force.

Boredom makes you more creative, altruistic, introspective, and helps with autobiographical planning. This video was sponsored by LastPass: http://bit.ly/2wAsdUu I feel like this video might come across as condescending but the person I m really talking to is myself. Despite the fact that I know how useful it can be to be bored, I still find myself trying to fill every last moment with stimulus. Boredom is unpleasant - the open, unstructured thinking that can take place can also feel pointless. But now I m made this video to remind myself how important boredom is so hopefully I ll make more time to be bored. More resources: The boredom leads people to shock themselves study: Just Think: The challenges of the disengaged mind https://wjh-www.harvard.edu/~dtg/WILSON%20ET%20AL%202014.pdf Boredom leads people to consider their future and set goals study: Back to the future: Autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011001978 On boredom and altruism: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ca72/0f959d3c9c31187ac30b28ecfec430bc98cc.pdf Does boredom make us more creative? https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10400419.2014.901073 Amazing filming by Raquel Nuno Music from http://epidemicsound.com "I Think I Was There" "Critical Thinking 2" "Wide Open" "Seaweed" "A Sound Foundation 1" Music also by Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com "Fig Leaf Rag"

Aerogel has extraordinary properties but it can be tough to work with. This video looks at modifying aerogels to take advantage of their unique characteristics. Subscribe to Veritasium: https://ve42.co/sub Huge thanks to Dr. Stephen Steiner and the crew at Aerogel Technologies. To find out more or buy your own aerogel sample, check out: http://www.aerogeltechnologies.com/ Thanks to Dr. Steven Jones and Dr. Mihail Petkov at NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory And thanks to FLIR for loaning us the awesome high definition thermal camera. The footage is amazing! https://www.flir.com Aerogel’s extraordinary properties are due in large part to its structure. Aerogel is a solid but on the nanoscale it has a mesh or sponge-like structure. The struts of this structure are nanoscale, as are the pores at around 20nm across. This makes silica aerogel incredibly light (it was once the lightest solid but has now been superseded by graphene aerogel), transparent and adsorbent. An ice-cube sized piece of aerogel has an internal surface area roughly equal to half a football field. Aerogel is used in high end museum cases to regulate humidity. Plus it helps maintain the vacuum on the Mars Insight seismometers - it adsorbs moisture and other outgassed volatiles that come from the spacecraft itself. Proposed uses include as a physical insecticide by ‘drying out insects’ reducing the need for chemical and toxic pesticides. Special thanks to all my Patreon supporters especially those who contributed feedback to an earlier draft of this video: a human, Albert Jachowicz-Brzeziński, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Brent Stewart, Chris Vargas, Chuck Lauer Vose, Clip Tree, Coale Shifflett, Colin Bellmore, DALE HORNE, Eric Velazquez, Fedor Indutny, Fran Rodriguez, James Wong, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Johnny, Jorge Angel Sandoval, June Kang, Kevin Beavers, Kishore Tipirneni, Levan Ferr, Listen Money Matters, Manuel Zürcher, Mark Bevilacqua, Mathias Göransson, Michael Bradley Wirz, Michael Krugman, Mohammed Al Sahaf, Nicholas Hastings, OddJosh, Patrick Čalija, Peter Tajti, Philipp Volgger, Roberto Rezende, Robin DeBank, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Swante Scholz, Tiago Bruno, Tige Thorman, Warrior8252 Filmed by Paul Gramaglia Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci Animations by Catherine Chooljian Music from https://epidemicsound.com “Tonic Zone” “Betelgeuse” “Insidious Mice” “Seaweed” “It’s not that serious” “Platin00m - Sum It” This is an educational, scientific video.

The Vikings suffered many hardships living in the north of Europe: long, cold winters and importantly a lack of sunlight. Luckily, they had cod. Check out Vitamania: https://ve42.co/cod When making a video about vitamins I thought the story would mainly be about supplement pills, whether we should or shouldn t take them and how they re made. But what I found out is vitamins have a remarkable story that affects many more aspects of our lives. For example the Vikings needed a source of vitamin D to last the dark winter months and for their children to develop strong, healthy bones, avoiding rickets. Special thanks to Patreon supporters: a human, Albert Jachowicz-Brzeziński, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Brent Stewart, Chris Vargas, Chuck Lauer Vose, Clip Tree, Coale Shifflett, Colin Bellmore, DALE HORNE, Eric Velazquez, Fedor Indutny, Fran Rodriguez, James Wong, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Johnny, Jorge Angel Sandoval, June Kang, Kevin Beavers, Kishore Tipirneni, Levan Ferr, Listen Money Matters, Manuel Zürcher, Mark Bevilacqua, Mathias Göransson, Michael Bradley Wirz, Michael Krugman, Mohammed Al Sahaf, Nicholas Hastings, OddJosh, Patrick Čalija, Peter Tajti, Philipp Volgger, Roberto Rezende, Robin DeBank, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Swante Scholz, Tiago Bruno, Tige Thorman, Warrior8252 This video was filmed by Harry Panagiotidis Researched and written by Derek Muller and Jonny Hyman Editing, animation and music by Jonny Hyman Cod liver oil animation by Ivy Tello Vitamania was written, directed and produced by Sonya Pemberton

This is the first Veritasium science video. It addresses one of the most fundamental concepts in science: the idea that all things are made of atoms, tiny particles that are in perpetual motion. They attract each other when a little distance apart and repel when squeezed together.

JJ Thomson proposed the first model of the atom with subatomic structure. He had performed a series of experiments and was credited with the discovery of the first sub-atomic particle, the electron. He therefore proposed a new model of the atom called the plum pudding model. In this model, the plums represent negatively charged electrons which can be plucked out of the atom, leaving behind some positively charged pudding. In this film, cherry tart is used as a delicious substitute for plum pudding.

Scientists have to work with some very large and some very small numbers. To represent these numbers more easily, they use scientific notation. Scientific notation relies on powers of 10. This video gives examples of how to represent a large and small number and explains powers of ten.