How the First Stars Transformed the Universe

The first stars turned all the neutral hydrogen in the universe back into ions, created a bunch of new elements, and just generally made a mess. But without them, you wouldn’t be here. Host: Reid Reimers ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Kelly Landrum Jones, Sam Lutfi, Kevin Knupp, Nicholas Smith, D.A. Noe, alexander wadsworth, سلط الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Bader AlGhamdi, James Harshaw, Patrick Merrithew, Patrick D. Ashmore, Candy, Tim Curwick, charles george, Saul, Mark Terrio-Cameron, Viraansh Bhanushali, Kevin Bealer, Philippe von Bergen, Chris Peters, Justin Lentz ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.0727 http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/522202/pdf https://jwst.nasa.gov/firstlight.html https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-first-stars-in-the-un/ https://home.cern/about/physics/early-universe http://www.astro.yale.edu/larson/papers/SciAm04.pdf https://www.haystack.mit.edu/ast/science/epoch/ http://www.astro.yale.edu/larson/papers/Bromm02.pdf https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.01188 ---------- Images: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12314 https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1444.html https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10656 https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2082.html https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6610 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/wide-field-optical-image-of-supernova-1987a.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reionization#/media/File:Reion_diagram.jpg