How Do We Produce Food? Crash Course Geography #43
Over the millennia, every region on Earth has developed its own successful agricultural ecosystem from flat fields of grain and mountainside rice terraces to coastal fish farms and goat herding. Today, we’re going to break down agricultural systems into three scales: subsistence, small-scale, and industrial agriculture. And we’ll take a look at how a place's history plays a huge role in the system we see today as we follow the story of agriculture in the Philippines. SOURCES Philippines Davila, F. (2018). Human Ecology and Food Systems: Insights from the Philippines. Human Ecology Review, 24(1), 23–50. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26506660 Theresa Ventura. (2016). From Small Farms to Progressive Plantations: The Trajectory of Land Reform in the American Colonial Philippines, 1900–1916. Agricultural History, 90(4), 459–483. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3098/ah.2016.090.4.459 The development and agriculture paradigms transformed: Reflections from the small-scale organic rice fields of the Philippines Robin Broad & John Cavanagh https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03066150.2012.722082 Colonial history https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-philippines-an-overview-of-the-colonial-era/ Agribusiness http://asianfarmers.org/afaresearches0876dlsj/2009-09-agribusiness.pdf https://ifranchise.ph/multinational-companies/ Age of Farmers https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol149no2/aging_filipino_rice_farmers_.pdf https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/191635/declining-farmer-population Land Tenure https://cadasta.org/resources/white-papers/strengthening-land-tenure-informal-ettings/ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/3/28/asian-rice-crisis-starts-to-bite https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/12/30/growing-pains-southeast-asian-farmers-need-cheaper-agritech Climate Change https://theconversation.com/in-philippines-climate-change-and-conflict-both-conspire-against-rural-women-77729 https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/a-staple-food-to-withstand-disaster/ https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45828150 https://www.irri.org/climate-change-ready-rice Agroecology Altieri, M.A., Funes-Monzote, F.R. & Petersen, P. Agroecologically efficient agricultural systems for smallholder farmers: contributions to food sovereignty. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 32, 1–13 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0065-6 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13593-011-0065-6#citeas http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Agroecology-small-farms-and-food-sovereignty.pdf Agroecology – writ large; https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5449-2_1#Abs1 Eric Holt-Giménez & Miguel A. Altieri (2013) Agroecology, Food Sovereignty, and the New Green Revolution, Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37:1, 90-102, DOI: 10.1080/10440046.2012.716388 http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Agroecology-small-farms-and-food-sovereignty.pdf Water Footprint https://foodprint.org/issues/the-water-footprint-of-food/ https://www.fao.org/3/ap527e/ap527e.pdf Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Jaime Willis, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
